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ISSUES
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Investigate operational boundaries
Operational Boundary - this is what your organisation does (manufacture/services/packaging/distribution...)You will now need to identify emissions associated with everything that goes on within your organisational boundary.WBCSD uses a 'scoping' system to decide whether they are direct or indirect emissions. You will also decide what indirect emissions (scope 3 below) you are going to include that are associated with what your organisation does.
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SCOPING
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Scope 1: Direct GHG emissions occur from sources owned or controlled by your organisation as a result of functions such as:
- Combustion of fuels in boilers, furnaces, turbines - eg to generate your own electricity, heat, or steam.
- Manufacturing and chemical processing eg cement, aluminium, amomonia manufacturing, waste-processing
- Vehicles and any other transport system owned or controlled by your organisation (cars, trucks, trains etc)
- Releases, whether by accident or deliberate such as, equipment leaks, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) from refrigeration and air conditioning
Measure and counting green house gases that occur within your organisational boundary should be relatively straightforward.
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| Scope 2: Electricity indirect GHG emissions Scope 2 accounts for GHG emissions from the generation of purchased electricity2 consumed by the company.Purchased electricity is defined as electricity that ispurchased or otherwise brought into the organizationalboundary of the company. Scope 2 emissions physicallyoccur at the facility where electricity is generated.Scope 2"
Metering your organisations overall electricity consumption should be a matter of routine. You may decide to also meter specific functions that are high energy operations.
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| Scope 3: Other indirect GHG emissions
Extraction of raw materials, processing, delivery and disposal all use energy. Although much of this use is outside your direct control, looking at a product from source to disposal, called life cycle analysis, will present opportunities for mitigating the carbon associated with your organisations processes and products. These are considered indirect emissions and are the consequesnces of activities you carry out, but the sources of emissions are not controlled by you and include:
- production of purchased materials
- use and ultimate disposal of products and services you sell
Assess which areas or functions up and downstream are the highest green house gas emitters. These are what you should consider including in your scope3
Decide how far up and down the supply chain which emissions might be relevant to your organisation.
This could include where:
- there are large quantities of emissions relative to your position in the supply chain.
- your organisation could influence or reduce emissions
- your customers, suppliers and other stakeholders consider these GHGs as signifcant.
Finding relevant and accurate information to assess indirect emissions you are partly responsible for is more complex. Your methodology for deciding where your responsibilities lie needs to be transparent.
pop up Example:
Products that you supply that use fossil fuel / electricity may be important to include in your indirect measurements. Your organisation may be able to reduce customer emissions through better energy efficiency design and influencing customer behaviour.
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What are you considering in Scope 3? Will you be able to find accurate information? Will you need to make assumptions ?
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Scope 3 Examples
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Examples of Scope 3 Information you may require |
| Product use |
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kw/life expectancy/number of uses |
| Outsourced activities |
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percentage of production |
| Extraction of GHG-intensive materials |
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percentage of your organisation's product |
| Air Transport |
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miles |
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From these scoping tasks you can now set the boundary of where you will draw the line of the extent of our carbon footprint; what you will include as your organisation, your operations, what your organisation may accept responsibility for and what you will exclude.
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Next set footprint boundary |
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CARBON COUNTER ...Scope 
